Poo in Capital... The Legacy of Open Defecation

List of Companies for Freshers to Apply

Being a fresher, it is very difficult to know where to apply, and how to get a job. Here I am mentioning few of the companies dealing in Process Design suitable for Freshers & Mid level Engineers to apply for job in India...

My best suggestion is to search websites of companies on google.com and apply in their career section. Most of the companies requires Chemical / Process Engineers; However, Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineers, Instrumentation Engineers, Project Engineers & Peoples of different branches of Engineering should also search & apply as these companies needs engineers from almost all branches...

• Samsung Engineering
• Valdel Engineers & Constructors Pvt. Ltd
• Cinda Engineers & Constructors Pvt. Ltd.
• Indian Oil Tanking Design & Engineering
• Lurgi India Ltd.
• Larsen & Toubro Ltd
• Doosan Babcock Engineering & Services
• ISJEC John Thompson
• Saipem Triune Engineering
• Polyplex Corporation (Hydro Power)
• UDHI India Pvt Ltd
• PL Engineering
• Tractebel Engineers & Constructors
• Worley Parsons Oman Engineering L.L.C
• Satnam Engineering
• Lahmeyer International
• WVG Engineers Consultants
• Asmetech Engineering
• Kazhtroy Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.
• Naftogaz India Pvt. Ltd.
• Triveni Engineering & Industries Ltd.
• Nuberg Engineering
• Unitech Machines
• Technofab Engineering Ltd
• Enereff Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
• JCE Engineering & Management Services Pvt. Ltd.
• Driplex Water Engineering Ltd.
• Degremont
• Multitex Filteration
• SST India India
• MultiMax Engineers
• Advance Group of Companies
• Toyo Engineering
• Aarvi Encon Pvt. Ltd
• Coperion
• Energo Group
• CH2M Hill India Pvt. Ltd.
• Desein Indure
• Quanta Process Solution Pvt. Ltd.
• A2Z Maintainence
• Global Economic Advantage
• Luminous Engineering & Technology Services Pvt. Ltd
• Jasubhai Engineering Pvt. Ltd.
• Green Leaf Engineering Ltd.
• BGR Energy Systems Ltd.
• Dimension Engineering Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
• Linde Engineering India Pvt. Ltd.
• Flovel Mecamidi Energy Pvt. Ltd.
• SK E&C
• GS E&C
• Flour Daniel
• CB & I
• UOP
• BOC

What is Line Sizing and How it is done?

It's a very common problem for students and all fresher’s who start their careers as either GET or Management Trainees in Process Industry to get familiar with terminologies used in process industries. Here i have tried to simplify and provide most basic level information when one is at the beginning level of his/her career. 

Usually a Line refers to a Pipe and Line size refers to its ID (Internal Diameter) which can be calculated by using the continuity equation. Usually we have Fluid normal/standard flow rates & we are asked to calculate the line size. Now the question is how to do it.

We have a relation 

Actual Flow Rate(m3/s) = (Maximum Allowable Velocity)x(Cross Sectional area of pipe)

i.e. Q = a.v

Where Q = Actual Volumetric Flow Rate (m3/s)

           V = Maximum Allowable Velocity ≤ Erosion Velocity (m/s)

           A = Cross Sectional Area of Pipe (Pi/4 *ID²) (m2)

           ID= Internal Diameter of Pipe (m)

In most of the practical industrial problems you will have Volumetric Flow rate but you will not have the Maximum Allowable Velocity or Erosion Velocity (of course no question of Pipe ID, as you have to calculate this).

Rule of thumb says that maximum allowable velocity for Gases is 29 m/s while optimum is considered as 20 m/s. while for liquids minimum velocity should be kept as 0.9 m/s and maximum is 4.5 m/s. Optimum velocity is considered between 1.5 – 2.0 m/s.

Kindly note I have not considered pressure drop in this line sizing. However; one can control the pressure drop within the range by increasing or decreasing pipe Diameter on excel file.

Now the important part is that why to do Line Sizing?

Of Course to control the pressure drop to keep our pumping cost low & to make sure that a Line has such a diameter that velocity of fluid flowing inside the line do not crosses maximum allowable limit (normally Erosion Velocity) to prevent damage of line due to Erosion.

Now in industries, one of the major problems is that you will never get actual flow rate. Your flow rate will be given as either standard flow or normal flow for gases. Some of the common Units are as follows:

1.     MMSCFD             : Million Standard Cubic feet per day

2.     MMSFH                : Million Standard Cubic Feet Per Hour

3.     SCFM                   : Standard Cubic feet per minute

4.     Sm³/hr                  : Standard Cubic meter per hour

5.     Nm³/hr                  : Normal Cubic meter per hour

6.     Kg/hr                    : Mass Flow Rate

Now important point is to note that these all flow rates are not actual Volumetric Flow rates.

For 1 to 4 units, convert it to Sm3/hr   and then convert it to actual flow rates by the help of following Relation

(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2             i.e. V Actual     V2 = (P1V1T2)/P2T1

                                                               

V Actual =  (V1 Standard x Standard Pressure   x Actual Temperature (Max.)) divided by  (Actual Pressure (Min.) x Standard Temperature)

Here V stands for Volumetric Flow Rate, Pstd. 1 atm, Tstd. 25 Degc / 298 K

Similarly for Flow rate in Nm³/hr be converted to Actual Flow Rate using above formulae. Only T Normal will reduce to 0 Deg C or 273 K.

It is interesting to note that in actual life problem we will be given a pressure range. For line Sizing one shall consider minimum pressure and maximum temperature in that range which will enable us to know largest Pipe ID.

Kindly note that all units should must be in same convention to cancel each other to give the unit of calculated parameter.

Let me share an example for simple Line sizing, as next examples very complex.

You have been given Mass Flow Rate of Gas 69084 Kg/hr. 
Molecular Weight of Gas is Given as              16.48 kg/kgmol
Temperature is Given as                                60 Deg C
Pressure                                                        11.2 bar

Solution: Now remember the formulae for Sizing a Line, You require Volumetric Flow Rate which can be obtained by Dividing Mass flow by Density.

Now the point is how to Calculate Density, Firstly convert your temperature in Rankine which is 599.67 for given case & Pressure in PSI which is 162.4 in this case.

Now if you remember basic chemical equations,
Density= (Mol. Wt x Pressure) / (R x T) which is =(16.48*162.4)*(10.73*599.67)
  = 0.416 lb/ft3 which is 6.66 kg/m3.

Hence your Volumetric Flow Rate is = (69084)/(6.66*3600)= 2.88 m3/s

Now take Allowable velocity for gas = 20 m/s

Now your Line Size = Sqrt((Actual Vol. Flow Rate) / (velocity*pie/4)) in m
                             = SQRT((2.88)/(20*.785)) in m
                             = 0.428 m
                             = 428 mm

Hence Appropriate line Size is 450 NB

Given Below are some complex problems, usually encountered in Natural Gas Industry. Kindly refer Rule of Thumb for Pipelines before arriving any conclusion.

If Pressure drop is also to be considered for Gases case then

When Flow rate is given as mass flow rate then it can be multiplied by density to get the flow rates.  Even if Molecular weight is given, Density can be calculated at given pressure and Temp.

For liquid fluids, there is not standard or normal flow. Any Volumetric flow is actual flow. So it can be used directly in above formulae.

Now it is very obvious that by knowing actual flow rates of fluid, we can calculate the approximate line size if pressure drop is not considered. 

PSA Nitrogen Gas Generation and it's Benefits

HOW NITROGEN GENERATOR WORKS?

Nitrogen generators uses compressed air to pressurize a vessel filled with Carbon Molecular Sieves, especially made for this purpose, which actually sifts molecules by physical composition or structure. By forcing air into this pressure vessel or sieve bed, we cause gas molecules to be trapped in the sieve, while the N2 gas floats free. After a period of time, we release a bit of the pressure in the sieve bed to draw off the N2 molecules, and collect them in a surge/storage tank for use by the application. We then open a valve in the sieve bed and release all of the pressure, forcing out the captured molecules of the unwanted gases, and cleansing the sieve for the next cycle. Molecules of gas released into the air immediately combine back to air's ambient percentages. With our systems, we use two sieve beds that work at opposing ends of the cycle to provide a more consistent flow of our captured gas into the surge tank.

Applications and Purity:

Nitrogen gas being cheapest inert gas available is widely used as inert gas material in Chemical industries, Food & Pharmaceutical industries, Electronic, Synthetic fiber, Heat treatment furnaces, for fire controls in coal and mine industries etc. for which we produces onsite nitrogen generators from 99% to 99.9999%.

If your organization falls under any of following categories, you need a Nitrogen Generator

Agri-food & Beverages                           Automotive, Aeronautical & Transportation        Chemicals & Petrochemicals

Craftsmen & Worksites                          Electronic Components and Products                               Environment

Glass, Cement & Lime                            Research Centers & Laboratories                        Metal Fabrication Industries

Metallurgy                                                Oil & Gas                                                                Optoelectronics

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnologies     Plastics Processing                                                              Pulp & Paper

Semiconductors                                     Space & Aeronautics

By using Nitrogen Gas Generator you can save 80% of your money!!!

•  Nitrogen Gas Generator reduces your Nitrogen gas cost by 80-90%.
• No attendant is required as it’s a fit and forget unit.
• Automatic start-up time is only 5 minutes.
• Nitrogen supply as and when needed.                                        
• Produces the Purity and Flow rate you need at the point of use.
• Self-Contained Skid mounted units for easy site installation.
• Very low maintenance costs.
• Carbon Molecular Sieves never require replacement; it lasts the whole life time of Gas Generator                                                                                    .

S.N.	Nitrogen Cylinders	Nitrogen Gas Generator
1.	Cylinder Nitrogen cost is very high i.e. Rs.15 per cubic meter.	Nitrogen gas cost is only Rs. 2 per cubic meter.
2.	Apart from gas cost, delivery fees, monthly tank rental fees, fuel charges, electric charges, plus local and/or state taxes. These additional charges can nearly double the actual cost.	Once plant is installed, Only electricity cost is the cost of Nitrogen gas.
3.	All time dependency on availability of Nitrogen cylinders.	Nitrogen can be produced as and when required.
4.	Nitrogen Purity in Cylinders is not reliable as it varies from cylinders to cylinders.	Nitrogen purity is very steady and reliable.

For detailed information, you can may visit www.isonindia.com or www.etlec.com